Protecting Your Child from Pertussis (Whooping Cough): A Guide for Parents in Toronto

As of April 2025, Canada is experiencing a significant surge in pertussis (whooping cough) cases, with over 19,000 reported nationwide—far exceeding the typical annual range of 1,000 to 3,000 cases.  Ontario alone has documented 1,634 cases between January and November 2024, marking the highest incidence since 2007.

Given this alarming trend, it's crucial for parents to understand pertussis, recognize its symptoms, and take proactive steps to protect their children.

What Is Pertussis?

Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious bacterial infection caused by Bordetella pertussis. It spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The disease is particularly dangerous for infants and young children, potentially leading to severe complications like pneumonia, seizures, and even death

Recognizing the Symptoms

Pertussis progresses through three stages:​

1. Catarrhal Stage (1–2 weeks):

   • Runny nose

   • Sneezing

   • Low-grade fever

   • Mild cough

2. Paroxysmal Stage (1–6 weeks):

   • Severe coughing fits followed by a high-pitched "whoop" sound

   • Vomiting after coughing

   • Exhaustion

   • Possible cyanosis (bluish skin) due to lack of oxygen​

3. Convalescent Stage (2–3 weeks):

   • Gradual recovery with decreasing coughing spells​

In infants, symptoms may be atypical, such as apnea (pauses in breathing) without a noticeable cough. ​Ontario

Vaccination: The Best Defense

Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent pertussis. In Ontario, the immunization schedule includes:​

• Infants:

  • DTaP-IPV-Hib vaccine at 2, 4, 6, and 18 months

• Children:

  • Booster dose (Tdap-IPV) between 4–6 years

• Adolescents:

  • Tdap booster in Grade 9

• Adults:

  • One-time Tdap booster if not previously received

• Pregnant Women:

  • Tdap vaccine during each pregnancy, ideally between 27–32 weeks gestation​

These vaccines are publicly funded and available through healthcare providers. ​

Protecting Your Family

• Ensure Vaccinations Are Up-to-Date: Review your child's immunization records and consult your healthcare provider if unsure.

• Practice Good Hygiene: Encourage regular handwashing and covering mouths when coughing or sneezing.

• Stay Informed: Monitor local public health advisories for updates on pertussis outbreaks.

• Seek Medical Attention Promptly: If your child exhibits symptoms of pertussis, contact your healthcare provider immediately.​

Final Thoughts

The resurgence of pertussis in Canada underscores the importance of vigilance and proactive healthcare. By staying informed and ensuring timely vaccinations, you play a vital role in safeguarding your child's health and the well-being of the community.​

For more information, consult resources from Toronto Public Health or speak with us about your concern.